What is a varicocele?
A varicocele is an abnormal enlargement of veins around the testicle, usually caused by venous reflux. It may cause aching pain, heaviness, visible veins or be associated with impaired semen parameters in selected patients.
How is varicocele diagnosed?
Clinical examination is often supplemented by scrotal Doppler ultrasound to assess venous dilatation and reflux.
How is embolisation performed?
Through a small venous access, a catheter is advanced into the gonadal vein. The refluxing veins are then occluded using embolic agents such as coils, plugs or liquid embolic material, depending on anatomy and operator preference.
What are the advantages?
The procedure avoids a scrotal incision, can treat collateral veins from within the venous system and is commonly performed as a day-care or short-stay procedure.
Who should consider treatment?
Treatment is generally considered when varicocele is associated with persistent pain, testicular dysfunction or selected fertility-related indications after appropriate urologic evaluation.
Frequently asked questions
Is embolisation an alternative to surgery?
Yes, in appropriately selected patients it is a well-established minimally invasive alternative to surgical ligation.
Can both sides be treated?
Yes, bilateral treatment is possible when clinically indicated and venous anatomy permits.
Is recurrence possible?
Yes. Recurrence or persistent reflux can occur after either surgery or embolisation, particularly if collateral pathways remain patent.